Effects of Pollution on Waterbodies


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Effects of Pollution on Waterbodies

The polluted water affects mankind as well as plants and animals.

1.  Many diseases like cholera, dysentery, measles, typhoid etc. are caused due to consumption of polluted water.

2.  The polluted water enhances the growth of algae and water hyacinth which reduces the supply of oxygen and sunlight to the aquatic fauna and flora resulting in adverse effect on their growth. This is called Eutrophication.

3.  Industrial water contains compounds of mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium etc. which are highly poisonous. They cause serious disorders of many kinds. They may cause death.

4.  Flourides in water cause fluorosis which affect teeth and bones.

Soil Contamination: Soil becomes infertile due to the deposition of harmful chemicals discharged by industries. The high concentration of poisonous chemicals in soil can cause serious diseases in future generations.

Oil Spills from pipeline and tankers at sea are one of the most dangerous forms of pollution. The oil spreads very fast on the surface of water. It cuts off the supply of oxygen to the organisms living in sea and cause their death.

Soil Erosion caused by rains and floods takes all the sediment to the rivers and lakes. This results in the death of organisms living at the bottom of the lake or river thus upsetting the balance. The Dal lake in Srinagar, Nainital lake in Uttarakhand and Ulsoor lake in Bangalore are examples where silting is causing the choking of the lakes.

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Sample Questions
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Question : 1

An oil spill covered a large area of water in an ocean. The marine life in that area was badly affected. A lot of marine animals were found dead and floating on the surface of the water. This is because  _____________ .

  1. (i) They drank the water that was contaminated by the oil.
  2. (ii) The fish swallowed the oil and were poisoned.
  3. (iii) They breathed in the oil fumes near the water surface and were suffocated.

 

Right Option : D
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Question : 2

Submerged algae and plants die due to _________________

Right Option : D
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Question : 3

Which of the following diseases are caused by consumption of polluted water?

Right Option : D
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Explanation
 
 


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